Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present First Edition

Post author By Doe, RN, BSN
Post date October 31, 2023

Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present

First Edition

Chapter 15

English Renaissance

Tudor, Elizabethan, and Jacobean 1485 – 1660

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English Renaissance

Architecture, interiors, & furniture gradually change from Gothic to Renaissance

More eclectic than other countries

More influence from Flanders & France than Italy

Mannerism defines

Learn of Renaissance from pattern books, foreign craftsmen, trade, & travel

Exception: Classicism of Inigo Jones

Concepts

Italian ideas & influences mingle with French & Flemish

Unique to England

Designs—assemblages from variety of artisans

Individuality, distinctiveness

Last country to adopt Renaissance

Little first-hand contact with Renaissance

Never completely classical

Inigo Jones’s work an exception but few followers

Characteristics and Motifs

Tudor (1495-1558)—late Gothic with some Renaissance elements; some symmetry & order

Elizabethan (1558-1603)—Mannerist & Classical elements; order, symmetry; lavish decoration especially in interiors & furniture

Jacobean (1603-1642)—similar to Elizabethan but less individuality & more stylistic unity; interiors lavishly decorated but simpler furniture

Motifs—Tudor roses, strapwork, grotesques, acanthus leaves, vines

Paneling—linenfold, composite, arcaded

Architectural features—columns, pediments, arcades

14.1

Motifs and Architectural Details: Top from left: Tudor Rose; and linenfold panel; bottom from left: pargework ceiling with vines and leaves; and composite panel. English Renaissance.

Architecture

Gradual application of Renaissance details & designs borrow from many sources than Italian

Share climate differences with France

Building types: mansions, manor houses, townhouses unlike Italy & France

Tudor—less fortification; irregular facades, roofs, windows; half-timber construction; military elements

Elizabethan—lower stories horizontal & regular; picturesque rooflines; grander scale than Tudor; more foreign influences & borrowings from pattern books

Jacobean—more stylistic unity; still eclectic with strong foreign influences; picturesque roofs; classical details on ornamental fronts

15.2

Harvard House and Garrick Inn, 1485-1660. Staffordshire, England. English Renaissance: Tudor and Elizabethan.

Long Description:

The building has three floors. It has three steeply pitched in a row with chimneys on top and the second floor contains glass windows rectangular in shapes same as the second floor. The ground floor has entrance and glass windows with one entrance on the left corner, another on the left corner, and plants hanging on the roof.

15.4a

Compton Wynyates, 1480-1520, Warwickshire, England. English Renaissance: Tudor.

Long Description:

A building has one main entrance in the middle. It has irregular facades and small windows, half-timber construction with steeply-pitched gable sides. It has an area for battlement on top and variety in room design and heights. It has random-sized windows and bricks.

15.4b

Compton Wynyates Banqueting Hall, 1480-1520, Warwickshire, England. English Renaissance: Tudor.

Long Description:

The hall describes the high end with its bay window, steeply pitched, and end with the carved panel. The center of the screen depicts the battle of the journal and the line-folded of the screen passage. The wood, long chairs with spiral designs on them, the back panel is long, the left side stools sizes are small, and the long table next to the chair.

15.5a

Hardwick Hall, 1590-1597; Derbyshire, England; Robert Smythson. English Renaissance: Elizabethan.

15.5b

Hardwick Hall floor plan, 1590-1597; Derbyshire, England; Robert Smythson. English Renaissance: Elizabethan.

Long Description:

The hall contains two stairs, one stateroom, one bedroom, and one library room. It is an H-shaped plan starting from the stair hall on the left and ending in the stair hall. In H-shaped plan from left stateroom at the top, next library, next bedroom. Fireplace in the middle of the hall. Next to that portrait wall with the long gallery. A Connected fireplace h-shaped bay window ends in the stairhall.

15.5c

Hardwick Hall Great Chamber, 1590-1597; Derbyshire, England; Robert Smythson. English Renaissance: Elizabethan.

Long Description:

The great chamber has a plain ceiling. The walls are decorated with sculptures, animals, hunting scenes, tree trunks, and larger branches. Elaborate on two chairs in the middle of the chamber. The wall above the chairs is decorated and has a roof, a logo on the background wall, and chairs around the edge of the room.

15.6a

Banqueting House, Whitehall, 1619-1622; London, England; Inigo Jones. English Renaissance: Jacobean.

Long Description:

The building has balustrade hides roof, cornice, and Corinthian engaged columns in the center. The lintels over large windows. The single and double Corinthian pilasters are on ends. The smoother rustication, ionic engaged columns and pilasters, alternating triangular and segmental pediments over windows, rectangular box shape with entrance on far left, and heavier rustication are on the facade.

15.6b

Banqueting House hall, Whitehall, 1619-1622; London, England; Inigo Jones. English Renaissance: Jacobean.

Long Description:

A hall has the enormous dimensions of a double cube with spectacular carved paintings installed on the ceiling. It has a magnificent ceiling decorated with paintings and ornamented stretchers. The oil-on-canvas is unique with four hanging lights in each corner. It has two entrances with a long beam, the corridor on the sides. The aisles are supported with columns.

15.7

Queen’s House, Greenwich, 1616-1635, London, England; Inigo Jones. English Renaissance: Jacobean.

15.8a

Wilton House, c. 871-1653; Wiltshire, England; 1635-1653, architectural addition possibly by Inigo Jones English Renaissance.

15.8b

Wilton House Double Cube Room, c. 1635-1653; Wiltshire, England; possibly by Inigo Jones; furnishings by Thomas Chippendale and William Ken, c. early 18th century. English Renaissance: Jacobean.

15.8c

Wilton House Double Cube Room wall elevation, c. 1635-1653; Wiltshire, England; possibly by Inigo Jones; English Renaissance: Jacobean.

Interiors

Not wholly Renaissance but selected, mostly Mannerist, details

Copied from pattern books, executed by foreign craftsmen

Assemblages of decorative elements & lack unity of other countries

France, Flanders, Germany more influential than Italy

Tudor—largely medieval, somber; some classical details

Elizabethan—exuberant, brilliant colors, nearly every surface decorated; classical Mannerist details more evident

Jacobean—continue Elizabethan exuberant Mannerism; Jones’s work the exception

15.10

Banqueting Hall, Haddon Hall, 1477-1545; Derbyshire, England. English Renaissance: Tudor.

15.11

Bedchamber, Sizergh, 16th Century, Westmoreland, England. English Renaissance: Elizabethan.

15.12

Cartoon (Long) Gallery, Knole, 1607-1608, Kent, England. English Renaissance: Jacobean.

15.14

Textiles: Fabrics and wallpaper; 16th century, England. English Renaissance.

15.15

Lighting: Candlesticks in iron and other metals. English Renaissance.

Long Description:

The iron metal lighting candle stick is shaped like a tower, wide at the bottom and steeply pointed at the top. On top, there is a deep round to light the candle with oil and threaded cotton. Cylindrically shaped with bends similar to a ring in the middle.

Furnishings and Decorative Arts

Gradual application of Renaissance forms and motifs to indigenous English furniture

Rooms sparsely furnished

Tudor—similar to medieval form & decoration; Renaissance mixes with Gothic; Romayne work

Elizabethan—massive, heavy proportions, rich carving, & inlay; strong Flemish influence along with Classical

Heavy, carved bulbous support definitive feature; strapwork, geometric inlay, gadrooning

Textiles provide color & interest

Jacobean—continues Elizabethan but simpler & more naturalistic carving; strapwork, applied pendants, split baluster turnings

15.16

Wainscot chair; England; English Renaissance: Elizabethan.

Long Description:

Wainscot chair of heavy fine-grade oak. The front legs are in lathe shape, the back legs are square-sectioned, baluster-turned legs, an apron with a strap work has baluster-turned arm support, and the seat is wood. A panel back is slightly raked. rectangular back panel with carved decorations. Arcaded with fine lines and leaves, and stretchers connected with each leg.

15.17

Chair with spiral turned legs. English Renaissance: Jacobean.

Long Description:

The chair is made up of wood. Legs furnished spiral turned, cushion seat with velvet cloth. The front two legs have spiral-turned stretchers. The side legs are attached to each with plain stretchers, a backrest with a velvet cushion, corner of the cushion design with truffles.

15.18

Nonsuch chest, late 16th century. Elizabethan.

Long Description:

Rectangular shape nonsuch chest made up of highly figured oak. A lock is on the middle-front side to lift the door upwards. The chest with front panels is in-lay of architectural design. Two inlaid pediments are below an arched panel supported by molded capitals.

15.19

Court Cupboard, late 16th-early 17th centuries. English Renaissance: Elizabethan.

Long Description:

The cupboard of wood has two-layer. Lozenge panel, cup, and cover shape designs on each edge. The anthemion motif patterns are in the middle layer. The upper layer panel is tudor rose, and arcaded panels on the side. The upper part is decorated strapwork design.

15.20

Henry

bedchamber, Hever Castle, c. 15th -16th century; Kent,

England. English Renaissance: Elizabethan.

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